EVERYDAY POISONS
ULTRASONIC SHOCK WAVES AND INHIBITORY NEURAL IMPULSES
THE BRAIN USES NERVE IMPULSES TO RELAY INFORMATION VIA NEUROTRANSMITTERS
brain. A large, highly organized complex of neuron cell bodies, axons, dendrites, and glia filling the cavity inside the skull; the brain is enveloped by fluid-filled protective membranes (meninges).
ANATOMY
The brain is a soft, compact organ responsible for consciousness, planned neural programs, and cognition. The brain is continually active, and, although it is only 2% of the body’s mass, it receives 17% of the heart's output and consumes 20% of the body's oxygen supply. The brain receives its blood through four arteries: two large arteries, the right and left internal carotid arteries, run up from the chest in the front (anterior half) of the neck; and two smaller arteries, the right and left vertebral arteries, run in the back (posterior half) of the neck. The carotid arteries supply blood to about 80% of the brain, including most of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and the basal ganglia. The vertebral arteries supply blood to the remaining 20% of the brain, including the brainstem, cerebellum, and most of the posterior lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.
ENCEPHALON “THE BRAIN”
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- diencephalon
- midbrain
The brain is divided into four subdivisions.
- diencephalon
- myelencephalon
- metencephalon
- telencephalon
DIENCEPHALON “TWO BRAINS”
- second portion of the brain lying between the telencephalon and mesencephalon
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- optic chiasma
- tuber cinereum
- mammillary bodies
MYELENCEPHALON
- corpora quadrigemina
- tegmentum
- crura cerebri
- medulla oblongata
- the most posterior part of the embryonic hindbrain (rhombencephalon), which gives rise to the medulla oblongata
METENCEPHALON
- cerebellum
- pons
- anterior portion of the embryonic rhombencephalon, from which the cerebellum and pons arise
TELENCEPHALON
- embryonic end brain and posterior division of the prosencephalon from which cerebral hemispheres, corpora striata, and rhinencephalon develop
- rhinencephalon
- corpora striata
- cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
NEURAL IMPRINTS ARE RECEIVED FROM NEURAL IMPULSES
NERVOUS SYSTEM
LOWER BODY NERVE RECEPTORS WHICH UPLOAD AND DOWLNLOAD INFORMATION FROM TACTILE AND PROPRIOCEPTORS (TOUCH AND PRESSURE)
UPPER BODY NERVES
PLEXUS “A BRAID”
NERVES
